Rectal HPV Testing

Rectal HPV testing involves collecting a swab from the rectal canal. The sample is then analysed in a laboratory using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to detect HPV DNA. Both low-risk types (associated with warts) and high-risk types (associated with cancer risk) can be identified. The results apply only to the site sampled.

No special preparation is required. You may open your bowels as normal beforehand. We recommend avoiding showers or baths just before the test (in some cases 24 hrs) to preserve cellular material in the area. Avoid inserting anything rectally (e.g. enemas, creams) on the day of testing unless advised otherwise.

HPV doesn’t follow a traditional “window period” like other STIs. PCR testing detects the virus when it is actively present in the sampled site. We recommend waiting at least 21 days after a potential exposure before testing. A negative result means HPV DNA wasn’t found at that location, but does not rule out infection at other mucosal sites.

The test uses PCR technology to detect the DNA of HPV in a rectal swab. It identifies specific genotypes and classifies them as low-risk or high-risk. The result is site-specific—meaning it only reflects HPV presence at the rectal site and not elsewhere in the body.

PCR is highly sensitive and specific for detecting HPV DNA. A negative result means HPV wasn’t found at the sampled site. Factors like bathing, sweating, or use of mild soap are unlikely to interfere with test quality. However, HPV can be intermittent or subclinical, and results must be interpreted in context.

Consider testing if you have rectal symptoms (e.g. discharge, pain, bleeding, or lesions), known or suspected exposure to HPV, abnormal cervical smear results, or confirmed or suspected genital warts. Testing may also be advised for certain high-risk groups (e.g. MSM, people living with HIV, and immunocompromised individuals).

A physical examination may be offered during your appointment if symptoms are present or if there’s concern about visible lesions, fissures, or warts.

HPV PCR can be performed on swabs taken from various anatomical sites (e.g. cervix, vagina, anus, throat, or penis). Rectal testing specifically identifies HPV in the anal canal. The same panel is used for both low- and high-risk HPV types.

A positive result means HPV DNA was detected at the rectal site. Next steps depend on whether the detected strain is low-risk or high-risk:

Low-risk HPV: May indicate viral shedding or wart-associated infection. Visible lesions may be treated or biopsied.
High-risk HPV: Suggests potential for precancerous changes. In some cases, monitoring, repeat testing, anoscopy, or biopsy may be advised.

The presence of HPV doesn’t confirm disease—most infections clear naturally within 1–2 years.

A negative result suggests that HPV is not present at the rectal site at the time of sampling. It can provide reassurance but doesn’t rule out HPV infection elsewhere. It’s especially useful if you had rectal symptoms and were concerned about a potential HPV cause.

HPV is a shared mucosal infection, but routine partner testing is not typically required. Instead, your partner should stay up to date with routine screening (e.g. cervical smears). You may discuss results openly if you wish, but there is no legal obligation to disclose HPV status.

Yes, reinfection with the same or a different HPV type is possible, even after clearance. Vaccination and safe sexual practices can reduce future risk.

We recommend receiving your results via secure email, as this allows us to share detailed findings, including the specific HPV types detected and tailored recommendations. Results are password-protected for confidentiality.

Your results will report each of the 28 HPV types tested as either “Detected” (positive) or “Not Detected” (negative). If the result is equivocal, it means the lab couldn’t conclusively interpret the sample. In this case, we will offer a repeat test free of charge.

No special precautions are required while awaiting results. You can continue normal hygiene and activity. If new symptoms develop or you're concerned, consult a Specialist Healthcare Professional.

A positive result means HPV DNA was detected in your rectal sample. The implications depend on the HPV type and your clinical context:

Low-risk HPV: May indicate viral shedding or be linked to genital warts. Treatment or monitoring may be advised
High-risk HPV: These types are associated with precancerous changes. Depending on your symptoms, a biopsy or specialist referral may be considered.
Visible lesions: May be treated or biopsied depending on type and appearance.
If your partner is HPV-positive: Your results may be concordant (matching) or discordant (non-matching). This is common and doesn’t necessarily require any change in behaviour.

Always discuss results with a clinician to interpret them correctly and plan appropriate follow-up.

There’s no legal obligation to inform your partner, but open communication can help you both make informed decisions. Routine testing or treatment for partners is not always necessary. Condom use and HPV vaccination may be discussed for prevention.

Yes. If you require a certificate for official or documentation purposes, we can issue one. Please bring a valid passport or driving licence so we can include identification details as required.