What is an IUD?
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, T-shaped device that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. IUDs are categorised into two main types:
Hormonal (LNG-IUD): They are soft, flexible plastic, with a progesterone releasing sheath, which release a small amount of progesterone, a hormone that thickens cervical mucus to block sperm, thin the lining of the womb (endometrium) and may also suppress ovulation. Examples include Mirena, Kyleena, Liletta, and Skyla, Levosert and Benilexa. Hormonal Coils can last from 3 to 8 years, depending on the brand.
Copper (IUD): The most common brands are T safe and Nova T. This type of IUD is a soft plastic which is then wrapped in copper wire, which acts as a spermicide, preventing sperm from fertilising an egg. Copper IUDs can last up to 10 years and are hormone-free, making them a preferred option for those who wish to avoid hormonal contraceptives.
What is a Contraceptive Coil?
The term “contraceptive coil” is often used synonymously with IUD, particularly in the UK and other parts of Europe. It typically refers to the same T-shaped devices we described above, both hormonal and copper-based. Therefore, when you hear “contraceptive coil,” you can think of it as another name for an IUD.
Comparing IUDs and Contraceptive Coils
Since “contraceptive coil” is just another name for an IUD, the real comparison lies between the hormonal and copper versions:
Effectiveness: Both hormonal and copper IUDs are over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy. They are among the most reliable forms of contraception available.
Duration: Copper IUDs can last up to 10 years, compared to LNG- IUDs which are between 3 – 8 years.
Hormones: Hormonal IUDs release progesterone (Levonorgestrel), which can help with menstrual-related symptoms like heavy periods and cramps, together with endometriosis, adenomyosis, PCOS. Copper IUDs do not contain hormones and are ideal for those who prefer non-hormonal birth control.
Side Effects: Hormonal IUDs may cause initial side effects such as irregular bleeding, breast tenderness, or mood changes, which often subside over time. Copper IUDs can sometimes cause heavier and more prolonged periods and more intense menstrual cramps, particularly in the first few months after insertion.
Insertion and Removal: Both types require a healthcare professional for insertion and removal. The process is straightforward, not taking much longer than a smear test/HPV testing. Your healthcare provider should fully discuss the fitting procedure and you should ask about ways they can minimise any expected discomfort. The fitting experience is different for every individual, regardless of where they are in their fertility journey.
Choosing the Right Option for You
Deciding between a hormonal IUD and a copper IUD depends on your individual health needs, lifestyle, what situation you are in and preferences. Here are a few considerations to help guide your choice:
Preference for Hormones: If you prefer to avoid hormones, the copper IUD is a suitable option.
Menstrual Symptoms: If you experience heavy periods or severe cramps, a hormonal IUD might help alleviate these symptoms.
Duration: Consider how long you want your contraceptive to last. If you desire a longer-term solution, the copper IUD’s 10-year lifespan may be appealing.
Health Conditions: Certain health conditions might make one type of IUD more suitable than the other. Discuss your medical history with your healthcare provider to find the best fit.
Final Thoughts
Both IUDs and contraceptive coils are highly effective and convenient forms of long-term contraception. Understanding the differences between hormonal and copper options can empower you to make an informed decision that aligns with your health and lifestyle. Always consult with your healthcare provider to discuss your options and choose the best method for you.
Remember, the right choice is a personal one, and what works for someone else might not be the best for you. Stay informed, ask questions, and prioritise your health and well-being in your contraceptive journey.
