How Does Pregnancy Happen with a Coil?
There are two main types of coils: the copper coil (non-hormonal) and the hormonal coil (like the Mirena). Both work by creating an environment in the uterus that is hostile to sperm, preventing fertilisation. Yet, despite their high effectiveness, pregnancy can occur. The reasons can vary:
- Displacement or Expulsion of the Coil: If the coil shifts from its intended position or is expelled from the uterus (sometimes without the user realising), its effectiveness is reduced or absent
- Failure of the Coil to Fully Prevent Fertilisation: In very rare cases, sperm might still fertilise an egg, leading to pregnancy.
- Coil Insertion Timing: If the coil is inserted when the risk of pregnancy hasn’t been totally excluded.
- Emergency Contraception: A copper coil can be inserted to prevent a pregnancy, but there is always that 1% chance of pregnancy, especially when we know there is a pregnancy risk.
What Are the Risks of Being Pregnant with a Coil?
If you become pregnant while the coil is still in place, there are potential risks both to you and the pregnancy. These include:
- Ectopic Pregnancy: This occurs when the fertilised egg implants outside of the uterus, often in the fallopian tube. Ectopic pregnancies are more common in people who conceive with a coil in place and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. The risk with a hormonal coil is 2 per 10,000 and a copper device is 5 per 10,000.
- Miscarriage: Even if the pregnancy is in the uterus, having a coil in place increases the risk of miscarriage.
- Infection: Retaining the coil during pregnancy could lead to infections that might cause problems for both the mother and the developing baby.
What Should You Do If You Think You’re Pregnant?
- Take a Pregnancy Test: If you notice any symptoms of pregnancy (like a missed period, nausea, or breast tenderness) while using a coil, it’s important to take a pregnancy test immediately.
- Consult Your Healthcare Provider: If the test is positive, contact your healthcare provider as soon as possible. They will likely perform an ultrasound to confirm the pregnancy’s location and determine the next steps.
- Decision Regarding Coil Removal: In many cases, healthcare providers may recommend removing the coil if it’s safe to do so. This can reduce the risk of miscarriage, though the removal itself carries a small risk of triggering a miscarriage. If the coil cannot be safely removed, close monitoring is essential.
Navigating Your Options
Finding out you’re pregnant with a coil can be overwhelming. It’s important to take the time you need to make informed decisions about your health and well-being. Your healthcare provider will discuss your options with you, whether you decide to continue the pregnancy or not. Each person’s situation is unique, and your care team is there to support you throughout the process.
Preventing Future Pregnancies with a Coil
While pregnancy with a coil is rare, if it does occur, you may want to reassess your contraception options. For those who continue with coil-based contraception, ensuring regular check-ups and being aware of any unusual symptoms (like changes in menstrual patterns or pain) is crucial. Self checking your device threads after every period with a copper coil, will ensure it is still in the uterus and not expelled. Some people also are aware if the coil thread length changes, it could indicate that the device has moved or displaced. Discussing alternative contraceptive methods with your healthcare provider is also an option if you feel the coil might not be the best fit for you moving forward.
Final Thoughts
Although being pregnant with a coil is uncommon, it’s important to know what steps to take if it happens. Early detection, prompt medical care, and informed decision-making are key to ensuring the best possible outcome for your health. Remember, your healthcare provider is your best resource in navigating this unexpected situation and providing the support you need.
