Haemorrhoids

Haemorrhoids (piles) can cause a range of uncomfortable symptoms. The most common sign is bright red blood on the toilet paper or in the toilet after passing a stool. You may also experience itching, soreness, or discomfort around the back passage.

Some people notice small lumps or swellings around the anus, which can be tender or painful. You might also feel that your bowels have not fully emptied after going to the toilet, or see mucus on your toilet paper or underwear.

If you notice any of these symptoms—especially bleeding—it is important to speak with our Specialists or your GP to confirm the cause and get appropriate advice.

Yes, it is quite common to have haemorrhoids without any noticeable symptoms, especially internal haemorrhoids. These are located inside the rectum, where there are fewer pain-sensitive nerves, so they often go unnoticed.

Sometimes, the only sign may be painless bright red bleeding after using the toilet, or a haemorrhoid that starts to protrude. External haemorrhoids may also go unnoticed unless they become swollen or irritated.

If you notice any new lumps or bleeding, it is best to have this checked by our Specialists or your GP for reassurance and proper assessment.

The appearance of haemorrhoids depends on their type.

Internal haemorrhoids are inside the rectum and are usually not visible. If they come out, they may look like small, soft, pink or red lumps.

External haemorrhoids appear as small swellings or lumps around the anus. They are usually skin-coloured but can look bluish or dark purple if a blood clot forms.

They can vary in size, from as small as a pea to larger swellings. If you are unsure about any lump or change, it is important to have it checked by our Specialists.

Haemorrhoids are very common and can affect anyone. Many people will experience them at some point in their lives.

They are more likely to occur in:

• Adults aged 45–65
• Pregnant women
• People with ongoing constipation or frequent straining
• Those who sit for long periods or do heavy lifting

Ageing can also weaken the supporting tissues in the area, making haemorrhoids more likely. If you notice any symptoms, our Specialists can provide a discreet assessment and advice.

Most haemorrhoids improve with simple measures, but persistent cases can sometimes lead to complications.

These may include:

• Ongoing bleeding, which in rare cases can lead to anaemia (causing tiredness or breathlessness)
• A thrombosed haemorrhoid (a painful blood clot inside the swelling)
• Strangulation, where the blood supply to a haemorrhoid is reduced, causing significant pain
• Small skin tags after healing, which may cause mild irritation

If you have ongoing symptoms such as bleeding, pain, or lumps, it is best to seek advice from our Specialists to prevent complications.

Symptoms usually develop when the blood vessels around the back passage become swollen due to increased pressure.

Early signs often appear during or after using the toilet, such as bright red bleeding, itching, or discomfort. You may also notice a feeling of incomplete bowel emptying or a small lump around the anus.

These symptoms can develop gradually and may be triggered by factors like constipation, straining, pregnancy, or heavy lifting. If you experience any of these signs, it is advisable to consult our Specialists or your GP for proper assessment and guidance.

Haemorrhoids (piles) are swollen blood vessels in or around the anus, usually caused by increased pressure in the lower rectum.

The most common cause is straining during bowel movements, often linked to constipation or a low-fibre diet. Long-term diarrhoea can also contribute. Pregnancy is another common cause due to added pressure and hormonal changes.

Other factors include heavy lifting, being overweight, sitting for long periods (especially on the toilet), and ageing, which can weaken the supporting tissues in the area.

If you have symptoms such as pain, itching, or lumps, our Specialists can assess you and advise on the best treatment options.

No, haemorrhoids are not caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They are due to increased pressure in the rectal area, not an infection.

However, some STIs can cause symptoms that may feel similar, such as pain, itching, or bleeding. For example, infections can cause inflammation of the rectum (proctitis), and conditions like anal warts may be mistaken for haemorrhoids.

If you notice new symptoms such as lumps, discomfort, or bleeding, it is important to have an assessment to confirm the cause. Our Specialists or your GP can help ensure you receive the correct diagnosis and treatment.

Haemorrhoids are more likely to develop when there is increased pressure in the lower rectum.

Common risk factors include:

• Straining during bowel movements, often due to constipation or low fibre intake
• Pregnancy
• Being overweight
• Heavy lifting
• Sitting for long periods, especially on the toilet
• Chronic diarrhoea
• Ageing, which weakens the supporting tissues

If you are experiencing symptoms or have concerns, our Specialists can provide guidance and appropriate care.

Certain habits and conditions can make haemorrhoids worse or more uncomfortable. These are mainly linked to increased pressure or irritation in the area.

This includes straining during bowel movements, ongoing constipation or diarrhoea, and sitting on the toilet for long periods. A low-fibre diet and not drinking enough water can also lead to harder stools, which can worsen symptoms.

Other contributing factors include being overweight, heavy lifting, pregnancy, and ageing, which can weaken the tissues supporting the veins.

If your symptoms are getting worse or affecting your daily life, it is best to seek advice from our Specialists for proper assessment and management.

You can reduce your risk of haemorrhoids by making simple lifestyle changes that help prevent strain during bowel movements.

• Eat a high-fibre diet (such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains)
• Drink plenty of water
• Go to the toilet as soon as you feel the urge
• Avoid straining or sitting on the toilet for long periods
• Stay physically active

If you spend long periods sitting, try to take regular breaks and move around.

If you continue to have symptoms or concerns, our Specialists or your GP can provide further advice and support.

Diagnosis usually starts with a discussion about your symptoms, such as bleeding, itching, or discomfort.

One of our Specialists will then examine the area around the anus to check for any visible lumps or swelling. To assess for internal haemorrhoids, a digital rectal examination may be performed, where a gloved and lubricated finger is gently inserted into the rectum to feel for any abnormalities.

If needed, a proctoscopy (using a small tube to look inside the anal canal) may be done. In some cases, further tests may be recommended to rule out other causes of your symptoms.

Diagnosis mainly involves a clinical assessment rather than complex tests.

This usually includes:

• A discussion of your symptoms
• A physical examination of the anal area
• A digital rectal examination to check for internal swelling

If more detail is needed, a proctoscopy may be performed to look inside the anal canal. For ongoing or unclear symptoms—especially bleeding—further tests such as a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy may be recommended to examine the bowel and rule out other conditions.

A correct diagnosis is based on a combination of your symptoms and a physical examination.

Your Specialist will ask about signs such as bleeding, itching, pain, or lumps, as well as your bowel habits (for example, constipation or straining).

A physical examination is important and may include:

• Looking for external lumps or swelling
• A digital rectal examination to check internally

In some cases, a proctoscopy may be used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions. Providing clear information about your symptoms, how long they have been present, and any relevant medical or family history can help ensure an accurate diagnosis.

Yes, several conditions can have similar symptoms and may be mistaken for haemorrhoids.

These include anal fissures (small tears that can cause pain and bleeding), skin tags, anal warts, and certain skin conditions that cause irritation. In some cases, infections or small abscesses can also feel like lumps.

Because these conditions require different treatments, it is important to have a proper assessment. If you notice persistent symptoms such as bleeding, pain, or a new lump, our Specialists can help confirm the cause and advise on the right treatment.

In addition to a physical examination, there are other methods that may be used if needed.

A proctoscopy allows a closer look inside the anal canal using a small, lighted tube. If symptoms are ongoing or unclear, further tests such as a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy may be recommended to examine the bowel more thoroughly.

In some cases, a stool test may also be used to check for hidden blood. These tests help rule out other conditions and ensure an accurate diagnosis.

Yes, in many cases haemorrhoids can be diagnosed through a physical examination alone.

This usually involves checking the area around the anus for external haemorrhoids, followed by a digital rectal examination to assess for internal ones.

If needed, a proctoscopy may be performed for a clearer view, especially if internal haemorrhoids are suspected or if other conditions need to be ruled out.

You may recognise common symptoms such as itching, discomfort, or small lumps, but it is difficult to diagnose haemorrhoids accurately on your own.

Many other conditions can cause similar symptoms, including fissures, skin tags, or infections. Because of this, it is important to have a professional assessment to confirm the diagnosis.

If you notice symptoms such as bleeding, persistent discomfort, or a new lump, it is best to consult our Specialists or your GP for proper evaluation and advice.

Yes, haemorrhoids (piles) can be treated, and many people improve with simple measures.

Lifestyle changes—such as eating more fibre and drinking plenty of water—can help soften stools and reduce straining. Pharmacy treatments like creams, ointments, or suppositories can also relieve itching and discomfort.

If symptoms persist, medical treatments may be recommended. These can include small procedures to shrink or remove the haemorrhoid. Surgery is only considered in more severe cases.

If you have ongoing pain, lumps, or bleeding, it is important to have this checked by our Specialists or your GP to ensure the right treatment.

Treating haemorrhoids can greatly improve your comfort and quality of life. It helps relieve symptoms such as itching, pain, and irritation, making daily activities and bowel movements more comfortable.

Treatment can also prevent complications like ongoing bleeding or painful blood clots. In addition, it helps ensure that your symptoms are correctly diagnosed and not caused by another condition.

Managing haemorrhoids can also make it easier to maintain good hygiene and reduce ongoing skin irritation. Overall, treatment helps you feel more comfortable and prevents symptoms from worsening.

Most haemorrhoids do not require surgery. They can usually be managed with lifestyle changes and simple treatments at home or from a pharmacy.

If symptoms continue, minor procedures may be offered to shrink or remove the haemorrhoid. These are usually quick and do not involve major surgery.

Surgery is only recommended for more severe or persistent cases when other treatments have not worked. A proper assessment by our Specialists or your GP will help determine the best option for you.

Yes, there are several simple ways to manage haemorrhoids at home:

• Eat more fibre (fruit, vegetables, whole grains)
• Drink plenty of water
• Avoid straining and do not sit on the toilet for long periods
• Keep the area clean using warm water and gentle wiping
• Take warm baths to help soothe discomfort

Over-the-counter treatments, such as creams or suppositories, can also help reduce swelling and irritation. Paracetamol may be used for pain if needed.

If your symptoms do not improve within a week, or if you notice bleeding, it is important to seek advice from our Specialists or your GP.

Most people can be treated for haemorrhoids, but some factors may affect when or how treatment is given.

For example, treatment may be delayed if there is an active infection or significant inflammation in the area. During pregnancy, treatment is often postponed as symptoms may improve after delivery.

Your medical history is also important. Certain medications (such as blood thinners) or conditions affecting healing may need to be considered before treatment.

Our Specialists will assess your individual situation to ensure treatment is safe and appropriate. If needed, you may be advised to see your GP or a specialist for further care.

For most people, the long-term outlook for haemorrhoids is very good. They are common and not usually dangerous, and symptoms often improve or go away with the right care.

Simple lifestyle changes—such as eating more fibre, drinking enough water, and avoiding straining—can help prevent flare-ups. Many people are able to manage occasional symptoms with pharmacy treatments.

In some cases, haemorrhoids may come back or need further treatment, but procedures are available and are usually effective. If you have ongoing symptoms like pain or bleeding, it is best to speak with our Specialists or your GP for advice and reassurance.

No, treatment does not make you immune to haemorrhoids. While treated haemorrhoids are resolved, new ones can still develop in the future.

This is because haemorrhoids are caused by pressure on the blood vessels in the area. If factors like constipation, straining, or heavy lifting continue, new haemorrhoids may form.

To reduce the risk of recurrence, it is important to maintain healthy habits such as a high-fibre diet, good hydration, and avoiding straining. If symptoms return, our Specialists can assess and guide you on the next steps.

Yes, making a few simple lifestyle changes can help reduce the risk of haemorrhoids coming back.

• Eat a fibre-rich diet (fruits, vegetables, whole grains)
• Drink plenty of water
• Avoid straining and do not sit on the toilet for long periods
• Go to the toilet when you feel the urge
• Stay physically active

These steps help keep stools soft and reduce pressure in the area. If you continue to have symptoms or notice any bleeding, it is important to consult our Specialists or your GP.

No, you do not have to tell your partner. Haemorrhoids are not contagious and are not a sexually transmitted infection, so there is no risk of passing them on.

Whether you choose to share this information is entirely up to you. Some people find it helpful to talk about it for support, especially if symptoms affect comfort or confidence.

If you are unsure about any symptoms or lumps, it is always best to seek advice from our Specialists or your GP to ensure an accurate diagnosis and appropriate care.

No, haemorrhoids (piles) cannot be passed to your baby. They are not an infection but swollen blood vessels, so there is no risk of transmission during pregnancy or childbirth.

They are common in pregnancy due to hormonal changes and pressure from the growing baby. If you have symptoms, our Specialists can advise on safe ways to manage them.

Haemorrhoids are common during pregnancy and are not harmful to your baby, but they can be uncomfortable for you.

You may experience pain, itching, or a feeling of fullness around the anus. Some people develop a thrombosed haemorrhoid (a blood clot), which can be more painful and cause a firm lump.

Mild bleeding can also occur. This is usually not serious, but if it is frequent or heavy, it should be checked. In some cases, haemorrhoids may protrude outside the anus, causing irritation or discharge.

Most symptoms can be managed with simple measures like increasing fibre and fluid intake. If symptoms are severe or persistent, speak with your midwife, GP, or our Specialists for safe treatment options.

Haemorrhoids are very common during pregnancy and can affect up to half of pregnant individuals.

They often develop in the later stages of pregnancy or after childbirth due to increased pressure in the pelvic area, hormonal changes, and constipation.

Although they can be uncomfortable, they are usually manageable. If you experience significant pain or bleeding, it is best to seek advice from your midwife, GP, or our Specialists.

Yes, most treatments for haemorrhoids during pregnancy are safe and focus on relieving symptoms.

Simple measures such as increasing fibre intake, drinking plenty of water, and taking warm baths can help. Cold compresses may also reduce swelling and discomfort.

Pharmacy treatments like creams or suppositories can be used, but it is important to check with your midwife, GP, or our Specialists before using any medication to ensure it is suitable for pregnancy.

Paracetamol is usually the preferred option for pain relief if needed. In most cases, haemorrhoids improve after childbirth, but you should seek advice if you have severe pain or bleeding.

Yes, there are several ways to reduce the risk of haemorrhoids during pregnancy, mainly by preventing constipation and reducing pressure in the area.

• Eat a fibre-rich diet (whole grains, fruits, vegetables)
• Drink plenty of water
• Go to the toilet when you feel the urge
• Avoid straining or sitting on the toilet for long periods
• Stay active with gentle exercise like walking

Some people also find it helpful to raise their feet slightly when using the toilet and to lie on their side when resting to reduce pressure on the veins.

If you notice symptoms such as pain, itching, or bleeding, speak with your midwife, GP, or our Specialists for advice.

Haemorrhoids are common after childbirth and can make recovery more uncomfortable. They may cause pain, itching, or difficulty sitting, which can add to the usual postnatal discomfort.

They do not affect breast milk or your ability to breastfeed. However, discomfort may make it harder to find a comfortable position when feeding.

Managing haemorrhoids with fibre, fluids, and suitable treatments can help ease symptoms. Most pharmacy treatments are safe during breastfeeding, but it is best to check with your GP, midwife, or our Specialists first.

If you experience severe pain or ongoing bleeding, it is important to seek medical advice.